All returns of measurement in the rectangular system are made in the true horizontal distance in links chains and miles. Easily confused with arc length. Now true length of a line L L x its measured length.
TVD2 cos 40 x 30 ft 8500 ft TVD2 0766 x 30 ft 8500 ft TVD2 2298 ft 8500 ft TVD2 8522.
It was subsequently found that the chain was 004m too long. Three orthographic views in firstangle projection are given in Fig. Where CA Correction for absolute length. True length of the line 3000708 30 x 459242 459350 m.